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Baron '''Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen''' (February 20, 1880 – November 5, 1923) was a French [[novelist]] and [[poet]]. His life forms the basis of  a fictionalised biography by [[Roger Peyrefitte]].

In 1903 a scandal involving school pupils made him ''persona non grata'' in the salons of Paris, and dashed his marriage plans; after which he took up residence in [[Capri]] with his long-time lover, [[Nino Cesarini]]. He became a "character" on the island in the inter-war years, featuring in novels by [[Compton MacKenzie]] and others. His house, [[Villa Fersen]], remains one of Capri's tourist attractions.

==Early life==
He was born in [[Paris, France]] as Jacques d'Adelswärd, on 20 February 1880. As he was related on his paternal side to [[Axel von Fersen, Jr.|Axel von Fersen]], a [[Sweden|Swedish]] count who had had a relationship with [[Marie Antoinette]], D'Adelswärd took on the name Fersen later in his life to advertise his link with his distant relative. D'Adelswärd's grandfather had founded the steel industry in [[Longwy|Longwy-Briey]]. Adelsward went to school in Paris and studied briefly there at the Ecole des Sciences Politiques, and afterwards at the University of Geneva.

In 1897 he visited Capri and other parts of Italy with his mother.

The family steel furnaces had become profitable enough to make Jacques d'Adelswärd a rich and 'eligible' bachelor when he inherited at the age of 22.

Apart from joining the military, he traveled extensively and settled down as a writer. He published ''Chansons Légères'' (1900) and ''Hymnaire d'Adonis'' (1902) and other poems and novels.

In 1902 he holidayed in Venice, where he associated with the novelist [[Jean Lorrain]]. On his return to Paris he published his novel, ''Notre Dame des mers mortes''.

As a young man in the beginning of his twenties, his [[homosexual]] leanings became apparent to him, which are also relatively clearly addressed in his poetry. Unfortunately, he was not sexually interested in adult men (which at the time in France would not have brought him into legal trouble) but in teenage boys between about 15 and 17 years old, i.e. he preferred [[pederasty|pederastic]] relationships. This inclination eventually caused his undoing in French society.

==The trial==
In 1903 Adelsward and his friend, Hans de Warren, were rumored to be holding [[Black Mass]]es in his house at ''18 Avenue de Friedland'' - entertainments featuring ''[[tableaux vivants]]'' of pupils from the best Parisian schools and attended by the cream of Parisian society - and were arrested on charges of inciting minors to commit debauchery. They were convicted and served a six-month prison sentence, were fined 50 [[French Franc|franc]]s and lost [[civil rights]] for five years. This response to indecency bears some similarities with the trial of [[Oscar Wilde]] in 1895, who also experienced social disapproval after being found guilty of "gross indecency with other male persons". Perhaps d'Adelswärd-Fersen was lucky that his feasts had been attended by some influential figures of Parisian society; which may have induced the court to drop some charges to minimize the scandal.

==On Capri==

{{See also|Villa Lysis}}

[[File:Paul Hoecker-Nino-1904-Jugend.jpg|thumb|upright|Nino Cesarini, lover of Adelswärd-Fersen, painted by [[Paul Hoecker]] (1904)]]
[[File:Nino Cesarini in Villa Lysis (met diens portret van Paul Höcker).jpg|thumb|Nino Cesarini, lying naked on a couch in Villa Lysis. His portrait by Paul Hoecker hangs at the wall in front of him.]]

After his marriage plans were foiled, d'Adelswärd-Fersen remembered the island of Capri from his youth, and decided to build a house there. The island had already attracted other homosexual or bisexual visitors, such as Christian Wilhelm Allers, Somerset Maugham. E. F. Benson, Alfred Douglas, Robert Ross, Oscar Wilde, Friedrich Krupp, Norman Douglas, and Compton and Faith Mackenzie; and attracted many others during Adelsward's stay. He bought land at the top of a hill in the northeast of the island, close to where the [[Roman emperor]] [[Tiberius]] had built his ''[[Villa Jovis]]'' two millennia earlier. His house, initially called ''Gloriette'', was eventually christened ''[[Villa Lysis]]'' (later sometimes referred to as ''Villa Fersen'') in reference to Plato's [[Socratic dialogue]] ''[[Lysis (Plato)|Lysis]]'' discussing friendship (or, according to modern notions, homosexual love).

''Villa Lysis'' is a notable building. Its style is described by some as "Liberty" but is not Liberty or Art Nouveau in the French manner but may perhaps be described as "Neoclassical decadent".  The large garden is connected to the villa by steps leading to an Ionic portico. In the atrium a marble stairway with wrought-iron balustrade leads to the first floor, where there are bedrooms with panoramic terraces, and a dining room. The ground-floor sitting-room, decorated with blue majolica and white ceramic, overlooks the Gulf of Naples. In the basement there is a  'Chinese Room', in which opium was smoked.

[[File:Capri Grave Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen (1880-1923) 2011-10-20.jpg|thumb|upright|Adelswärd-Fersen's grave on Capri]]

Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen spent the rest of his life based in Capri, and died there in 1923 —allegedly by suicide achieved through drinking a cocktail of champagne and cocaine. His  ashes are conserved in the non-Catholic cemetery of Capri. His friend, Nino Cesarini, returned to Rome.

==''Lord Lyllian''==
''Lord Lyllian'', published in 1905, is one of d'Adelswärd-Fersen's more important novels, satirizing the scandal around himself in Paris, with touches of the Oscar Wilde affair thrown in for good measure. The hero, Lord Lyllian, departs on a wild odyssey of sexual debauchery, is seduced by a character who seems awfully similar to Oscar Wilde, falls in love with girls and boys, and is finally killed by a boy. The public outcry about the supposed Black Masses is also caricatured. The work is an audacious mix of fact and fiction, including four characters that are alter egos of d'Adelswärd-Fersen himself.

[[File:Akademos 1909.jpg|thumb|upright|''Akademos'' magazine cover]]

==''Akademos'' revue==
''Akademos. Revue Mensuelle d'Art Libre et de Critique'' (1909)<ref>See Mirande Lucien: Akademos. Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen et 'la Cause Homosexuelle'. Lille, Cahiers Gay-Kitsch-Camp, 2000 (152 pp.), which reprints some of the key articles of the magazine. ''Akademos'' itself is extremely rare nowadays.</ref> was d'Adelsward-Fersen's short-lived attempt at publishing a monthly literary journal. It was a periodical of a  luxurious kind, each issue printed on several sorts of deluxe paper, with contributions by well-known authors, like [[Colette]], [[Henry Gauthier-Villars]], [[Laurent Tailhade]], [[Josephin Peladan]], [[Marcel Boulestin]], [[Maxim Gorky]], [[Georges Eekhoud]], [[Achille Essebac]], [[Claude Farrère]], [[Anatole France]], [[Filippo Tommaso Marinetti]], [[Henri Barbusse]], [[Jean Moréas]] and [[Arthur Symons]].

In each issue, as is clear from Fersen's letters to Georges Eekhoud,<ref>Patrick Cardon: Dossier Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen. Lille, Cahiers Gay-Kitsch-Camp, 1993. P. 59-67</ref> a [[homosexuality|homosexual]] element was carefully introduced: a poem, an article, or a hint in the magazine's serial ''Les Fréquentations de Maurice'' by Boulestin. As a magazine with homosexual agenda it was the first of its kind in the [[French language]], although only about 10% of ''Akademos'' may be counted as homosexual. In its 'gay' content it trod similar ground to that of the [[Germany|German]] journal, ''[[Der Eigene]]'', published between 1896 and 1931 by [[Adolf Brand]]. This is not a coincidence, as d'Adelswärd-Fersen studied the German publications that tried to push for the social acceptance of homosexuality before launching ''Akademos''. Also he corresponded with Brand and [[Magnus Hirschfeld]].

''Akademos'' lasted only one year—there were twelve monthly issues, amounting to some 2000 pages. Perhaps its production costs were too great; but in a letter to Eekhoud Fersen complained of the lack of interest of the press and the public;<ref>Cardon p. 66-67</ref> and a general hostility from press or society cannot be ruled out.

==See also==

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==

===Books by Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen===

*''Conte d'amour'' (1898), poetry
*''Chansons légères'' (1900), collection of poetry
*''Musique sur tes lèvres (Ebauches et Débauches)'' (1901)
*''L'Hymnaire d'Adonis: à la façon de M. le marquis de Sade'' (1902)
*''Notre-Dame des mers mortes (Venise)'' (1902)
*''Les cortèges qui sont passés'' (1903)
*''L'Amour enseveli: poèmes'' (1904)
*''Lord Lyllian'' (1905) : novel ; republished Montpellier (France) QuestionDeGenre/GKC, 2011 with a preface by Jean de Palacio and postface by Jean-Claude Féray
*''Ainsi chantait Marsyas...'' (1907)
*''Une jeunesse'' (1907)
*''Le baiser de Narcisse'' (1907): novel; republished in 1912 with illustrations by Ernest Brisset (1872–1923)
*''Et le feu s’éteignit sur la mer'' (1909)
*''Hei Hsiang (Le parfum noir)'' (1921)

<gallery>
File:Lord Lyllian cover.jpg|Cover of ''Lord Lyllian''
File:Baiser narcisse fersen couverture I.jpg|Cover of ''Le baiser de Narcisse''
File:Baiser narcisse fersen titre.jpg|Title page
File:Baiser narcisse fersen page.jpg|Beginning of a chapter
File:Baiser narcisse fersen XVI.jpg|Illustrations
File:Baiser narcisse fersen III.jpg
File:Baiser narcisse fersen VIII.jpg
File:Baiser narcisse fersen XIV.jpg
File:Hei Hsiang cover.jpg|Cover of ''Hei Hsiang''
</gallery>

===Biographical===
* [[Jacques Perot]] «Le destin français d'une famille suédoise : les barons Adelswärd», Bulletin du musée Bernadotte no 26, 1986, p. 13-29
* Patrick Cardon, ed.: ''Dossier Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen'' (1993. Lille, Cahiers Gay-Kitsch-Camp)
* [[Norman Douglas]]: ''Looking Back An Autobiographical Excursion'' (1933), p.&nbsp;358-366
* [[Wolfram Setz]], ed.: ''Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen &ndash; Dandy und Poet'' (2006. Bibliothek Rosa Winkel) ISBN 3-935596-38-3
* James Money: ''Capri : Island of Pleasure'' (1986)
* Robert Aldrich: ''The Seduction of the Mediterranean'' (1996. Routledge), p.&nbsp;124-130 and 243-244 ISBN 0-415-09312-0

===Fictionalized===
* [[Edwin Cerio]]: 'Il Marchese di Pommery', c. 1927
* [[Alfred Jarry]]: ''[[La Chandelle verte]]'', 1969
* [[Compton Mackenzie]]: ''[[Vestal Fire]]'', 1927
* [[Xavier Mayne]]: 'Out of the Sun', 1913
* [[Roger Peyrefitte]]: ''[[L'Exilé de Capri]]'', 1959

==Film==
* ''[http://www.ferryradax.at/film/Filmographie/Unter/29.htm Capri &ndash; Musik die sich entfernt, oder: Die seltsame Reise des Cyrill K.]'', 1983. &mdash; Made-for-TV movie directed by [[Ferry Radax]] for the [[Westdeutscher Rundfunk|WDR]] featuring d'Adelswärd-Fersen, Nino Cesarini, and a lot of other historical Capri celebrities.

* Music video of neo soprano, Nicole Renaud, singing Baron Fersen's poem, "Mon Coeur est un Bouquet ...". Shot in super 8 film at Villa Lysis, Capri, by Karine Laval

==Music==
The lyrics of the song "Les Amants solitaires", by French [[soprano]] Nicole Renaud consists of four poems by Baron Fersen.

==External links==

*[http://www.quintes-feuilles.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Fersen-engelsill.pdf Will H.L. Ogrinc, ''Frère Jacques. A shrine to love and sorrow. Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen (1880-1923). Third, revised edition'']. Article with extensive bibliography
*[http://www.ucm.es/info/especulo/numero37/adfersen.html Article about the book "L'hymnaire d'Adonis" of Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen] 
*[http://www.pbase.com/adalberto_tiburzi/capri_villa_lysis_ Pictures of Villa Lysis today]
*http://www.noveporte.it/dandy/dandies/fersen.htm
*http://runeberg.org/adelskal/1923/0013.html

===Digitized books===
*[http://gallica.bnf.fr/Search?ArianeWireIndex=index&p=1&lang=EN&q=adelsw%C3%A4rd-fersen Scans of books by d'Adelswärd-Fersen] at [[Gallica]] digital library 
*[http://archiveshomo.info/documents/akademos/couverture.htm The premiere issue of ''Akademos''] 
*[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5425555r.image.langEN.r=akademos Issues #7 through #12 of ''Akademos''] at [[Gallica]] digital library 


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[[Category:1880 births]]
[[Category:1923 deaths]]
[[Category:Author]]