Suddenly, Last Summer (film)

Suddenly, Last Summer (film)
Year Released:	1960
MPAA Rating (USA):	Unrated
Director:	Joseph L. Mankiewicz
Starring:	Elizabeth Taylor as Catherine Holly Katharine Hepburn as Mrs Venable Montgomery Clift as Dr Cukrowicz

Suddenly, Last Summer was originally a one-act play by Tennessee Williams which was made into a film in 1959 from a screenplay written by Gore Vidal ("who was present at the community forum which was organized by the guys who went on to found NAMBLA"). While the film is often described as gay themed, it has elements of boylove (Minor attraction/hebephilia), which was not commonly differentiated from homosexuality in the 1950’s and 1960’s.

"Suddenly, Last Summer was the third of Williams' plays to be adapted for the screen that dealt with the subject of homosexuality, although it was far more explicit in its treatment than either of the previous films were allowed to be under the Motion Picture Production Code. Working in conjunction with the National Legion of Decency, an organization primarily affiliated with Catholic Church, the Production Code Administration gave the filmmakers special dispensation to depict Sebastian Venable, declaring, "Since the film illustrates the horrors of such a lifestyle, it can be considered moral in theme even though it deals with sexual perversion." While such a statement may seem shocking in light of the current treatment of homosexuality in film, it illustrates the prejudices of the era as well as the evolution of popular views on sexuality.

Plot

Intro

As Boylovers when viewing this film, we have to keep in mind the context and the era in which this film was made. There were very strict regulations about what could and could not be shown. "Suddenly, Last Summer" was a groundbreaking film for that time, and still is in many respects. If you look at it in terms of a Greek tragedy exploring human nature and the norms and culture of the upper class in the Southern U.S. in the early 20th century where many "vices" were tolerated until they became a public scandal, you can find common elements at play in our lives today. The environment of secrecy in which the characters had to operate and that shaped the tragic outcome of the events and the things that were alluded to but left unsaid, it brings together the ill-fated circumstances and life of Sebastian. Sebastian Venable was no hero or villain, he was a predator born out of necessity in a time that was unforgiving to a man of his disposition. In the story, Mrs. Venable (Katharine Hepburn ) tells of their visit to Galapagos Islands. They watched when the baby turtles hatched and as they were devoured by the horde of birds circling in the sky, while the young turtles were dashing for safety into the sea. In this, Sebastian sees the face of God.

My son, Sebastian and I constructed our days.
Each day we would carve each day like a piece of sculpture,
leaving behind us a trail of days like a gallery of sculpture
until suddenly, last summer.

-Violet Venable

Main plot

"New Orleans, 1937: Catherine Holly (Elizabeth Taylor) is a young woman institutionalized for a severe emotional disturbance that occurred when her cousin, Sebastian Venable, died under questionable circumstances while they were on summer holiday in Europe. The late Sebastian's wealthy mother, Violet Venable (Katharine Hepburn), makes every effort to deny and suppress the potentially sordid truth about her son and his demise. Toward that end, she attempts to bribe the state hospital's administrator, Dr. Lawrence Hockstader (Albert Dekker), by offering to finance a new wing for the underfunded facility if he will coerce his brilliant young surgeon, Dr. John Cukrowicz (Montgomery Clift), into lobotomizing her niece, thereby removing any chance that the events surrounding her son's death might be revealed by Catherine's "obscene babbling".

Mrs. Venable meets with Dr. Cukrowicz in the primordial garden ("like the dawn of creation") at her estate to discuss her niece's case, and their conversation eventually turns to Sebastian. Mrs. Venable describes him as a poet whose art was his sole occupation – even though he only wrote a single poem each year during the summer months and never published his work – and recounts her own previous vacations with him. Cukrowicz agrees to visit Catherine and begin his evaluation. Catherine has been confined to a private women's mental institution since returning from Europe several months earlier. When Cukrowicz interviews her, she struggles to recall the specific events that led to Sebastian's death and her subsequent breakdown, but expresses a sincere desire to do so.

Beginning to doubt that she has lost her mind, Cukrowicz decides to move Catherine into the state hospital for continued observation. Catherine's mother, Grace (Mercedes McCambridge), and brother, George (Gary Raymond), pay her a visit there and reveal that Sebastian has left them a considerable sum of money. Unfortunately, Mrs. Venable will not give them the inheritance unless they sign papers to commit Catherine to the institution and allow a lobotomy to be performed. Alarmed by this prospect, Catherine tries to escape. She accidentally wanders onto a catwalk suspended over the men's recreational area. With the door at the other end of the catwalk locked, she is forced to fight her way back past the men who are trying to climb up onto the catwalk and grope her, and returns to her room in defeat.

Later, Mrs. Venable drops by to check on the status of Cukrowicz's evaluation. The doctor persuades her to meet Catherine face to face. In the ensuing confrontation, Catherine tries to get her aunt to reveal the true nature of her relationship with Sebastian and the reason why she was left behind and Catherine chosen to take her place as his traveling companion, vaguely hinting that Sebastian used them as "bait"( to lure young men and teen-aged boys) and that they "procured for him". Mrs. Venable responds to these allegations by fainting. Using this opportunity to slip away, Catherine finds another catwalk that runs above a room filled with women. She climbs the railing and leans out precipitously, considering the jump, but before she can release her hold, an orderly (David Cameron) comes up behind her, drags her back to her room and sedates her.

In a last-ditch effort to help Catherine, Cukrowicz brings her to the Venable estate where he administers a truth serum that will allow her to overcome any resistance to remembering what happened that summer. Before an audience consisting of her aunt, mother and brother, Miss Foxhill (Mavis Villiers), Dr. Hockstader, and Nurse Benson (Patricia Marmont), all of whom have gathered on the patio in the jungle-like garden, Cukrowicz begins questioning Catherine. She recalls how she and Sebastian spent their days on the beach in the Spanish town of Cabeza de Lobo. On one occasion, he drags her reluctantly into the water, causing the fabric of her white bathing suit to become transparent. A group of young men who had been watching her from the neighboring public beach start to approach but are intercepted by Sebastian. Catherine comes to realize that he is using her to attract these boys in order to proposition them for sex. Since the boys are desperate for money, Sebastian is successful in his efforts; however, he gradually becomes "fed up with the dark ones" and, being "famished for blondes", makes plans to depart for the northern countries. One scorching white-hot day, Sebastian and Catherine are beset by a team of boys begging for money. When Sebastian rejects them, they take up pursuit through the streets of the town. Sebastian attempts to flee, but the boys swarm around him at every turn. He is finally cornered among the ruins of a temple on a hilltop. In the meantime, Catherine has been frantically trying to catch up with Sebastian, but she reaches him only to see him overwhelmed at last by the boys. To her horror and revulsion, they begin to tear him apart and eat his flesh. She screams for help, to no avail.

At this point in telling her astonishing account of Sebastian's demise, Catherine has collapsed upon the ground, sobbing. Her mind undone by the shock of hearing Catherine's tale, Mrs. Venable closes Sebastian's last book of poems, the pages of which are blank, then slowly rises from her seat and takes Cukrowicz's arm. Calling him "Sebastian", she tells him not to be out in the sun for too long and that they should go inside the boat and inform the captain that they want to leave. Mrs. Venable is led away and Cukrowicz returns to check on Catherine, who has recovered. They both walk into the house together."

External links

• Suddenly, Last Summer at Wikipedia
• Suddenly, Last Summer at the Internet Movie Database