Child liberation movement: Difference between revisions
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==Child Liberation== | |||
The [[Child liberation movement]] works to give minors the same rights that adults have. | The [[Child liberation movement]] works to give minors the same rights that adults have. | ||
One problem with children becoming liberated is that ''adults'' have almost complete control over children, which makes it almost impossible for a child to work for his or her liberation. As with slaves in the past, children lack autonomy. Another problem is that children grow up quickly (most likely, a child would have to be at least 12 years old to be thinking about his or her "rights") and so he or she would quickly lose interest in children's rights as soon as he or she attains adult rights - usually within 8 years or less from first becoming aware of the problem. | One problem with children becoming liberated is that ''adults'' have almost complete control over children, which makes it almost impossible for a child to work for his or her liberation. As with slaves in the past, children lack autonomy. Another problem is that children grow up quickly (most likely, a child would have to be at least 12 years old to be thinking about his or her "rights") and so he or she would quickly lose interest in children's rights as soon as he or she attains adult rights - usually within 8 years or less from first becoming aware of the problem. | ||
The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childrens_rights "children's rights movement"] may be seen as an offshoot of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Womens_rights "women's rights movement".] In the late 19th century and early 20th century, women sought to be empowered. Until recently, in Western society women were seen as requiring special "protection" (demonstrated by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chivalry the code of chivalry] which required chivalrous men to "protect and honour the weaker members of society" -- especially women and children) | |||
Women and children were seen as needing "protection" from the sexual advances of men; Women were not seen as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agency_%28philosophy%29 "agents"] of their own sexuality. For example, until recently (especially in the southern U.S.) it was inconceivable that a white woman would willingly desire to engage in sexual activity with a black man. Any sexual interactions between white women and black men were assumed to be (and punished as) rape. As a result, many black men ended up as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_fruit strange fruit] in southern orchards. | |||
As well, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erotophobia erotophobia] led to the denial of women's sexual agency. Marty Klein has addressed this in his book, ''America's War on Sex'' (see link below). | |||
A similar situation exists today concerning BoyLovers relationships with boys below the age of majority/consent. Young people are not permitted to have "sexual agency" -- they are denied the right to engage in whatever sexual activity they wish to, just as women in the past were (and still are, in many places). | |||
An interesting discussion of children's rights may be found in the ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. The article begins: | |||
==Children's Rights== | |||
'''Children's Rights''' | |||
<blockquote>Children are young human beings. Some children are very young human beings. As human beings children evidently have a certain moral status. There are things that should not be done to them for the simple reason that they are human. At the same time children are different from adult human beings and it seems reasonable to think that there are things children may not do that adults are permitted to do. In the majority of jurisdictions, for instance, children are not allowed to vote, to marry, to buy alcohol, to have sex, or to engage in paid employment. What makes children a special case for philosophical consideration is this combination of their humanity and their youth, or, more exactly, what is thought to be associated with their youth. One very obvious way in which the question of what children are entitled to do or to be or to have is raised is by asking, Do children have rights? If so, do they have all the rights that adults have and do they have rights that adults do not have? If they do not have rights how do we ensure that they are treated in the morally right way? Most jurisdictions accord children legal rights. Most countries—though not the United States of America—have ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child which was first adopted in 1989. The Convention accords to children a wide range of rights including, most centrally, the right to have their ‘best interests’ be ‘a primary consideration’ in all actions concerning them (Article 3), the ‘inherent right to life’ (Article 6), and the right of a child “who is capable of forming his or her own views … to express these views freely in all matters affecting the child” (Article 12) (United Nations 1989). However it is normal to distinguish between ‘positive’ rights, those that are recognised in law, and ‘moral’ rights, those that are recognised by some moral theory. That children have ‘positive’ rights does not then settle the question of whether they do or should have moral rights. However there are at least good political reasons why one might think that the UNCRC provides an exemplary statement – in the language of positive rights – of how children should be treated and regarded. Nevertheless the idea of children as rights holders has been subject to different kinds of philosophical criticism At the same time there has been philosophical consideration of what kinds of rights children have if they do have any rights at all. The various debates shed light on both the nature and value of rights, and on the moral status of children. | |||
These matters, to be considered below, need also to be seen as closely tied to at least two other philosophical questions: what is childhood? (See the entry on [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/childhood/ childhood.]) And, how do the putative rights of children stand in relation to the rights of those adults who, arguably, have rights over children? The first question is considered at length in Part I of Archard (2015). The second question broaches the issues of parental rights and responsibilities. (See the entry on [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/parenthood/ procreation and parenthood.]) | |||
<poem> 1. Children and Rights | |||
2. Critics of Children's Rights | |||
3. Liberationism | |||
4. Arbitrariness | |||
5. Children's Rights and Adult Rights | |||
6. The Child's Right to Grow Up | |||
7. Best Interests | |||
8. The Right to be Heard | |||
9. Summary | |||
Bibliography | |||
References Cited | |||
Other Important Work | |||
Academic Tools | |||
Other Internet Resources | |||
Related Entries</poem> | |||
</blockquote> | |||
You may continue reading here: | |||
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rights-children/ | |||
==External links: UN DOCUMENTS RELATING TO CHILDREN'S RIGHTS== | |||
<b>UN Documents: Gathering a body of global Agreements</b> | |||
Original documents from the UN | |||
'''Rights Of The Child''' | |||
[http://www.un-documents.net/gdrc1924.htm Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child, League of Nations, September 1924, Geneva, Switzerland] | |||
[http://www.un-documents.net/a14r1386.htm 1386 (XIV). Declaration of the Rights of the Child, General Assembly Resolution, A/RES/14/1386, November 1959, New York, NY] | |||
[http://www.un-documents.net/crc.htm Convention on the Rights of the Child, General Assembly Resolution, A/RES/44/25, November 1989, New York, NY] | |||
[http://www.un-documents.net/a44r127.htm International Literacy Year, General Assembly Resolution, A/RES/44/127, December 1989, New York, NY] | |||
[http://www.un-documents.net/jomteinf.htm Framework For Action: Meeting Basic Learning Needs, World Conference on Education for All, March 1990, Jomtien, Thailand] | |||
[http://www.un-documents.net/jomtien.htm World Declaration on Education For All: Meeting Basic Learning Needs, World Conference on Education for All, March 1990, Jomtien, Thailand] | |||
[http://www.un-documents.net/wsc-plan.htm Plan of Action for Implementing the World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children in the 1990s, World Summit for Children, September 1990, New York, NY] | |||
[http://www.un-documents.net/wsc-dec.htm World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children, World Summit for Children, September 1990, New York, NY] | |||
[http://www.un-documents.net/a45r217.htm World Summit for Children, General Assembly Resolution, A/RES/45/217, December 1990, New York, NY] | |||
[http://www.un-documents.net/opcrccac.htm Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict, General Assembly Resolution, A/RES/54/263, May 2000, New York, NY] | |||
[http://www.un-documents.net/opcrcsc.htm Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, General Assembly Resolution, A/RES/54/263, May 2000, New York, NY] | |||
[http://www.un-documents.net/a54r263.htm Optional protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict and on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, General Assembly Resolution, A/RES/54/263, May 2000, New York, NY] | |||
'''Related humanium.org web pages''' | |||
'''What is the Convention on the rights of the child?''' | |||
[http://humanium.org/en/child-rights/ The meaning of the child and the rights of the children] | |||
[http://humanium.org/en/convention/definition/ Definition of the Convention] | |||
[http://humanium.org/en/convention/issues/ Issues of the Convention] | |||
'''The Convention: texts''' | |||
[http://humanium.org/en/convention/text/ Full text] | |||
[http://humanium.org/en/convention/excerpts/ Excerpts] | |||
[http://humanium.org/en/convention/adapted-for-children/ Convention adapted for children] | |||
'''History of the Convention''' | |||
[http://humanium.org/en/childrens-rights-history/ Children’s rights history] | |||
[http://humanium.org/en/convention/beginnings/ The beginnings of the Convention] | |||
[http://humanium.org/en/convention/adoption/ Adoption of the Convention, 20 november 1989] | |||
[http://humanium.org/en/convention/signatory-states/ Signatory States and Parties to the Convention] | |||
'''The Committee on the rights of the child''' | |||
[http://humanium.org/en/convention/committee/ The Committee: what it is and how it works] | |||
[http://humanium.org/en/convention/committee-competences/ Committee’s role and competences] | |||
[http://humanium.org/en/convention/committee-general-observations/ Committee’s general observations] | |||
[http://humanium.org/en/convention/committee-limits/ Committee’s limits] | |||
'''Optional Protocols to the Child’s Rights Convention''' | |||
[http://humanium.org/en/childrens-rights-history/references-on-child-rights/protocol-child-soldier/ Optional Protocol to the Convention relating to the Rights of the Child, on the involvement of children in armed conflicts, 2000] | |||
[http://humanium.org/en/childrens-rights-history/references-on-child-rights/protocol-child-sale/ Optional Protocol to the Child’s Rights Convention, concerning the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, 2000] | |||
[http://humanium.org/en/convention/protocol-3/ Optional Protocol to the Child’s Rights Convention regarding the complaints procedure before the Committee on the Rights of the Child, 2011.] | |||
'''Further Conventions related to Children’s rights''' | |||
*Regional conventions | |||
[http://www.humanium.org/en/inter-american-convention-on-forced-disappearance-of-persons/ 1994 Inter-American Convention on forced diappearance of persons] | |||
[http://www.humanium.org/en/european-convention-on-the-exercise-of-childrens-rights/ 1996 European Convention on the Exercise of Children’s Rights] | |||
[http://www.humanium.org/en/african-charter-on-the-rights-and-welfare-of-the-child/ 1999 African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child] | |||
[http://www.humanium.org/en/council-of-europe-convention-on-the-protection-of-children-against-sexual-exploitation-and-sexual-abuse/ 2007 Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse] | |||
'''Education and Development''' | |||
[http://www.humanium.org/en/declaration-on-the-right-to-development/ 1986 Declaration on the Right to Development] | |||
[http://hdrnet.org/536/1/Education_for_all.pdf 1990 World Declaration on Education For All (.PDF)] | |||
[http://www.humanium.org/en/geneva-convention-iv-relative-to-the-protection-of-civilian-persons-in-time-of-war/ Children and War, International Humanitarian Law] | |||
[http://www.humanium.org/en/geneva-convention-iv-relative-to-the-protection-of-civilian-persons-in-time-of-war/ 1949 Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War] | |||
[http://www.humanium.org/en/protocol-i-additional-to-the-geneva-conventions 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees] | |||
[http://www.humanium.org/en/protocol-i-additional-to-the-geneva-conventions 1977 Protocol I additional to the Geneva Conventions, 1977] | |||
[http://www.humanium.org/en/protocol-ii-additional-to-the-geneva-conventions 1977 Protocol II additional to the Geneva Conventions, 1977] | |||
[http://www.humanium.org/en/paris-principles-and-paris-commitments-on-recruitment-and-use-of-children-in-hostilities/ 2007 Paris Principles and Paris Commitments on recruitment and use of children in hostilities] | |||
'''Children and Non-discrimination''' | |||
[http://www.humanium.org/en/international-convention-on-the-elimination-of-all-forms-of-racial-discrimination/ 1965 International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination] | |||
[http://www.humanium.org/en/convention-on-the-elimination-of-all-forms-of-discrimination-against-women/ 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women] | |||
[http://www.humanium.org/en/fourth-world-conference-on-women-beijing-declaration-declaration/ 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women Beijing Declaration] | |||
'''Other Texts''' | |||
[http://www.humanium.org/en/convention-on-the-civil-aspects-of-international-child-abduction/ 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction] | |||
[http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/45/a45r113.htm 1990 United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty] | |||
[http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.text&cid=69 1993 Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption] | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* | * ''America's War on Sex'', by Marty Klein - available here: | ||
: http://www.keepandshare.com/doc/4786001/america-s-war-on-sex-by-marty-klein-pdf?da=y | |||
*The U.S. is a ''signatory'' to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, but they have not ''ratified'' it, so they are not bound by its rules. See: | |||
:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child | |||
*[http://www.humanium.org/en/fundamental-rights/freedom/] Right to Freedom: Understanding Children’s Right to Freedom | |||
*[http://www.childliberation.org/ Child Liberation]<ref>(if link is dead, see https://web.archive.org/web/20060613054244/http://www.childliberation.org/)</ref> | |||
*[http://www.tmcrew.org/mw4k/index.htm Make Way 4 Kidz] | *[http://www.tmcrew.org/mw4k/index.htm Make Way 4 Kidz] | ||
* | *[http://www.brown.edu/Students/Association_for_Childrens_Suffrage/ Association for Children's Suffrage]<ref>(if link is dead, see https://web.archive.org/web/20030602182751/http://www.brown.edu/Students/Association_for_Childrens_Suffrage/)</ref> | ||
*[http://www.jaysleftist.info/directory/subjects/kids.htm Jay Leftist Kids and Youth Liberation Links] | *[http://www.jaysleftist.info/directory/subjects/kids.htm Jay Leftist Kids and Youth Liberation Links] | ||
*[http://www.asfar.org/ Americans for a Society Free from Age Restrictions]<ref>(see https://web.archive.org/web/20130614011117/http://asfar.org/)</ref> | *[http://www.asfar.org/ Americans for a Society Free from Age Restrictions]<ref>(sometimes dead link, depending on if anyone funded the hosting account lately; see https://web.archive.org/web/20130614011117/http://asfar.org/)</ref> | ||
* | *[http://www.oblivion.net/youthspeak/ YouthSpeak]<ref>(dead link; see https://web.archive.org/web/20120725023143/http://www.oblivion.net/youthspeak/)</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Activism]] | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:Child rights]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:35, 12 March 2015
Child Liberation
The Child liberation movement works to give minors the same rights that adults have.
One problem with children becoming liberated is that adults have almost complete control over children, which makes it almost impossible for a child to work for his or her liberation. As with slaves in the past, children lack autonomy. Another problem is that children grow up quickly (most likely, a child would have to be at least 12 years old to be thinking about his or her "rights") and so he or she would quickly lose interest in children's rights as soon as he or she attains adult rights - usually within 8 years or less from first becoming aware of the problem.
The "children's rights movement" may be seen as an offshoot of the "women's rights movement". In the late 19th century and early 20th century, women sought to be empowered. Until recently, in Western society women were seen as requiring special "protection" (demonstrated by the code of chivalry which required chivalrous men to "protect and honour the weaker members of society" -- especially women and children)
Women and children were seen as needing "protection" from the sexual advances of men; Women were not seen as "agents" of their own sexuality. For example, until recently (especially in the southern U.S.) it was inconceivable that a white woman would willingly desire to engage in sexual activity with a black man. Any sexual interactions between white women and black men were assumed to be (and punished as) rape. As a result, many black men ended up as strange fruit in southern orchards.
As well, erotophobia led to the denial of women's sexual agency. Marty Klein has addressed this in his book, America's War on Sex (see link below).
A similar situation exists today concerning BoyLovers relationships with boys below the age of majority/consent. Young people are not permitted to have "sexual agency" -- they are denied the right to engage in whatever sexual activity they wish to, just as women in the past were (and still are, in many places).
An interesting discussion of children's rights may be found in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. The article begins:
Children's Rights
Children's Rights
Children are young human beings. Some children are very young human beings. As human beings children evidently have a certain moral status. There are things that should not be done to them for the simple reason that they are human. At the same time children are different from adult human beings and it seems reasonable to think that there are things children may not do that adults are permitted to do. In the majority of jurisdictions, for instance, children are not allowed to vote, to marry, to buy alcohol, to have sex, or to engage in paid employment. What makes children a special case for philosophical consideration is this combination of their humanity and their youth, or, more exactly, what is thought to be associated with their youth. One very obvious way in which the question of what children are entitled to do or to be or to have is raised is by asking, Do children have rights? If so, do they have all the rights that adults have and do they have rights that adults do not have? If they do not have rights how do we ensure that they are treated in the morally right way? Most jurisdictions accord children legal rights. Most countries—though not the United States of America—have ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child which was first adopted in 1989. The Convention accords to children a wide range of rights including, most centrally, the right to have their ‘best interests’ be ‘a primary consideration’ in all actions concerning them (Article 3), the ‘inherent right to life’ (Article 6), and the right of a child “who is capable of forming his or her own views … to express these views freely in all matters affecting the child” (Article 12) (United Nations 1989). However it is normal to distinguish between ‘positive’ rights, those that are recognised in law, and ‘moral’ rights, those that are recognised by some moral theory. That children have ‘positive’ rights does not then settle the question of whether they do or should have moral rights. However there are at least good political reasons why one might think that the UNCRC provides an exemplary statement – in the language of positive rights – of how children should be treated and regarded. Nevertheless the idea of children as rights holders has been subject to different kinds of philosophical criticism At the same time there has been philosophical consideration of what kinds of rights children have if they do have any rights at all. The various debates shed light on both the nature and value of rights, and on the moral status of children.
These matters, to be considered below, need also to be seen as closely tied to at least two other philosophical questions: what is childhood? (See the entry on childhood.) And, how do the putative rights of children stand in relation to the rights of those adults who, arguably, have rights over children? The first question is considered at length in Part I of Archard (2015). The second question broaches the issues of parental rights and responsibilities. (See the entry on procreation and parenthood.)
1. Children and Rights
2. Critics of Children's Rights
3. Liberationism
4. Arbitrariness
5. Children's Rights and Adult Rights
6. The Child's Right to Grow Up
7. Best Interests
8. The Right to be Heard
9. Summary
Bibliography
References Cited
Other Important Work
Academic Tools
Other Internet Resources
Related Entries
You may continue reading here: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rights-children/
External links: UN DOCUMENTS RELATING TO CHILDREN'S RIGHTS
UN Documents: Gathering a body of global Agreements
Original documents from the UN
Rights Of The Child
International Literacy Year, General Assembly Resolution, A/RES/44/127, December 1989, New York, NY
World Summit for Children, General Assembly Resolution, A/RES/45/217, December 1990, New York, NY
Related humanium.org web pages
What is the Convention on the rights of the child?
The meaning of the child and the rights of the children
The Convention: texts
Convention adapted for children
History of the Convention
The beginnings of the Convention
Adoption of the Convention, 20 november 1989
Signatory States and Parties to the Convention
The Committee on the rights of the child
The Committee: what it is and how it works
Committee’s role and competences
Committee’s general observations
Optional Protocols to the Child’s Rights Convention
Further Conventions related to Children’s rights
- Regional conventions
1994 Inter-American Convention on forced diappearance of persons
1996 European Convention on the Exercise of Children’s Rights
1999 African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
Education and Development
1986 Declaration on the Right to Development
1990 World Declaration on Education For All (.PDF)
Children and War, International Humanitarian Law
1949 Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War
1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
1977 Protocol I additional to the Geneva Conventions, 1977
1977 Protocol II additional to the Geneva Conventions, 1977
2007 Paris Principles and Paris Commitments on recruitment and use of children in hostilities
Children and Non-discrimination
1965 International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination
1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
1995 Fourth World Conference on Women Beijing Declaration
Other Texts
1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction
1990 United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty
1993 Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption
External links
- America's War on Sex, by Marty Klein - available here:
- The U.S. is a signatory to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, but they have not ratified it, so they are not bound by its rules. See:
- [1] Right to Freedom: Understanding Children’s Right to Freedom
- Child Liberation[1]
- Make Way 4 Kidz
- Association for Children's Suffrage[2]
- Jay Leftist Kids and Youth Liberation Links
- Americans for a Society Free from Age Restrictions[3]
- YouthSpeak[4]
References
- ↑ (if link is dead, see https://web.archive.org/web/20060613054244/http://www.childliberation.org/)
- ↑ (if link is dead, see https://web.archive.org/web/20030602182751/http://www.brown.edu/Students/Association_for_Childrens_Suffrage/)
- ↑ (sometimes dead link, depending on if anyone funded the hosting account lately; see https://web.archive.org/web/20130614011117/http://asfar.org/)
- ↑ (dead link; see https://web.archive.org/web/20120725023143/http://www.oblivion.net/youthspeak/)
