Definitions of Roman legal terms: Difference between revisions
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[[#0-9|0-9]] [[#A|A]] [[#B|B]] [[#C|C]] [[#D|D]] [[#E|E]] [[#F|F]] [[#G|G]] [[#H|H]] [[#I|I]] [[#J|J]] [[#K|K]] [[#L|L]] [[#M|M]] [[#N|N]] [[#O|O]] [[#P|P]] [[#Q|Q]] [[#R|R]] [[#S|S]] [[#T|T]] [[#U|U]] [[#V|V]] [[#W|W]] [[#X|X]] [[#Y|Y]] [[#Z|Z]] __NOTOC__ | |||
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This page contains a noninclusive list of legal terms used in ancient Rome. | |||
==C== | |||
===Calumnia=== | |||
In Roman law during the Republic, '''''calumnia''''' was the willful bringing of a false accusation, that is, malicious prosecution. <ref>Mary Beard, J.A. North, and S.R.F. Price, ''Religions of Rome: A History'' (Cambridge University Press, 1998), vol. 1, p. 238.</ref> | |||
==I== | |||
===Infamia=== | |||
In [[ancient Rome|ancient Roman culture]], '''''infamia''''' (''in-'', "not," and ''fama'', "reputation") was a loss of legal or social standing. As a technical term of Roman law, ''infamia'' was an official exclusion from the legal protections enjoyed by a Roman citizen, as imposed by a censor or praetor.<ref>Thomas A.J. McGinn, ''Prostitution, Sexuality and the Law in Ancient Rome'' (Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 65ff.</ref> More generally, especially during the Republic and Principate, ''infamia'' was informal damage to one's esteem or reputation. A person who suffered ''infamia'' was an '''''infamis''''' (plural '''''infames'''''). | |||
''Infamia'' was an "inescapable consequence" for certain professionals, including prostitutes and pimps, entertainers such as actors and dancers, and gladiators.<ref>Catharine Edwards, "Unspeakable Professions: Public Performance and Prostitution in Ancient Rome," in ''Roman Sexualities'' (Princeton University Press, 1997, p. 67.</ref> ''Infames'' could not, for instance, provide testimony in a court of law. They were liable to corporal punishment, which was usually reserved for slaves.<ref>Edwards, "Unspeakable Professions," p. 73.</ref> The ''infamia'' of entertainers did not exclude them from socializing among the Roman elite, and entertainers who were "stars," both men and women, sometimes became the lovers of high-profile figures. | |||
A passive homosexual who was "outed" might also be subject to social ''infamia'', though if he was a citizen he might retain his legal standing.<ref>Amy Richlin, "Not before Homosexuality: The Materiality of the ''cinaedus'' and the Roman Law against Love between Men," ''Journal of the History of Sexuality'' 3.4 (1993), pp. 550–551, 555ff.; Edwards, "Unspeakable Professions," p. 68.</ref> | |||
===Ingenui=== | |||
'''''Ingenui''''' or '''''ingenuitas''''' (singular ''ingenuus''), was a legal term of [[ancient Rome]] indicating those [[wikt:freeman|freemen]] who were born free, as distinct from, for example, freedmen, who were freemen who had once been slaves.<ref name="DGRA">{{Cite book | last = Long | first = George | author = George Long (scholar) | contribution = Ingenui | editor-last = Smith | editor-first = William | title = Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities | volume = | pages = 637 | publisher = Little, Brown and Company | place = Boston | year = 1870 | contribution-url = http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-dgra/0644.html | postscript = <!--None--> }}</ref> | |||
===Incestum=== | |||
''Incestum'' is an act that violates religious purity. (sacrilege) | |||
==S== | |||
===STUPRUM=== | ===STUPRUM=== | ||
1 | 1 | ||
Sexual intercourse between a man and an unmarried woman other than one in slavery or concubinage | |||
2 | 2 | ||
Illicit intercourse contrary to morality | |||
3 | 3 | ||
Unchastity of a woman <ref>http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stuprum</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
{{Navbox Ancient Rome|collapsed}} | |||
[[Category:Ancient Rome]] | [[Category:Ancient Rome]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:01, 3 June 2021
| Contents |
|---|
This page contains a noninclusive list of legal terms used in ancient Rome.
C
Calumnia
In Roman law during the Republic, calumnia was the willful bringing of a false accusation, that is, malicious prosecution. [1]
I
Infamia
In ancient Roman culture, infamia (in-, "not," and fama, "reputation") was a loss of legal or social standing. As a technical term of Roman law, infamia was an official exclusion from the legal protections enjoyed by a Roman citizen, as imposed by a censor or praetor.[2] More generally, especially during the Republic and Principate, infamia was informal damage to one's esteem or reputation. A person who suffered infamia was an infamis (plural infames).
Infamia was an "inescapable consequence" for certain professionals, including prostitutes and pimps, entertainers such as actors and dancers, and gladiators.[3] Infames could not, for instance, provide testimony in a court of law. They were liable to corporal punishment, which was usually reserved for slaves.[4] The infamia of entertainers did not exclude them from socializing among the Roman elite, and entertainers who were "stars," both men and women, sometimes became the lovers of high-profile figures.
A passive homosexual who was "outed" might also be subject to social infamia, though if he was a citizen he might retain his legal standing.[5]
Ingenui
Ingenui or ingenuitas (singular ingenuus), was a legal term of ancient Rome indicating those freemen who were born free, as distinct from, for example, freedmen, who were freemen who had once been slaves.[6]
Incestum
Incestum is an act that violates religious purity. (sacrilege)
S
STUPRUM
1 Sexual intercourse between a man and an unmarried woman other than one in slavery or concubinage
2 Illicit intercourse contrary to morality
3 Unchastity of a woman [7]
References
- ↑ Mary Beard, J.A. North, and S.R.F. Price, Religions of Rome: A History (Cambridge University Press, 1998), vol. 1, p. 238.
- ↑ Thomas A.J. McGinn, Prostitution, Sexuality and the Law in Ancient Rome (Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 65ff.
- ↑ Catharine Edwards, "Unspeakable Professions: Public Performance and Prostitution in Ancient Rome," in Roman Sexualities (Princeton University Press, 1997, p. 67.
- ↑ Edwards, "Unspeakable Professions," p. 73.
- ↑ Amy Richlin, "Not before Homosexuality: The Materiality of the cinaedus and the Roman Law against Love between Men," Journal of the History of Sexuality 3.4 (1993), pp. 550–551, 555ff.; Edwards, "Unspeakable Professions," p. 68.
- ↑ Long, George (1870). "Ingenui". in Smith, William. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. pp. 637
- ↑ http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stuprum
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