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Albanian pederasty was a practice reported by many Western travelers in the nineteenth century [1] [2] including Edvard Westermarck [3], John Cam Hobhouse, who in his diary [4], indicates that pederasty was " openly practiced, "and Johann Georg von Hahn [5], also known as" the father of Albanian studies. "[6] According to these reports was comunente and socially accepted that young people between sixteen and twenty-four years seduce boys of twelve to seventeen. [5]
'''Albanian pederasty''' was a practice reported by many Western travelers in the nineteenth century <ref>Bethe, Rheinisches Museum für Philologie, 1907, p. 475</ref> <ref>Näcke, Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen, vol. ix, 1908, p. 327</ref> including Edvard Westermarck <ref>Robert Deam Tobin, Warm Brothers: Queer Theory and the Age of Goethe (New Cultural Studies Series) p.58</ref>, John Cam Hobhouse, who in his diary <ref name="John Cam Hobhouse"> The Diary of John Cam Hobhouse (October 20th, 1809)</ref>, indicates that [[pederasty]] was " openly practiced, "and Johann Georg von Hahn <ref Name="J.G. von Hahn">J.G. von Hahn, Albanische Studien, 1854, p.166</ref>, also known as" the father of Albanian studies. "<ref> Robert Elsie, A Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology, and Folk Culture p.202-3</ref> According to these reports pederasty was common and it was socially accepted that young people between sixteen and twenty-four years seduce boys of twelve to seventeen. <ref Name="J.G. von Hahn" />


In literature, the older lover is called Ashik (from the Arabic ishq, "passionate love") and the beloved, dyllber (from turkish Dilber, "beautiful") [7]. A Gheg married at the age of 24 or 25 years, and then usually but not always, gave up the love with the boys.
In literature, the older lover is called Ashik (from the Arabic ishq, "passionate love") and the beloved, dyllber (from turkish Dilber, "beautiful") <ref>http://www.eskimo.com/~nickz/orth_gay.txt</ref>. A Gheg married at the age of 24 or 25 years, and then usually but not always, gave up the love with the boys. Ghegs are one of two major ethnic subgroups of Albanians, the other being the Tosks.<ref name="Eberhardt2003">{{cite book|author=Piotr Eberhardt|title=Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe: History, Data, and Analysis|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=jLfX1q3kJzgC&pg=PA433|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=January 2003|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-0-7656-1833-7|page=433|quote=The Albanians comprise two ethnic subgroups: the Ghegs, who generally occupy the area north of the Shkumbin river; and the Tosks, most of whom live south of the river.}}</ref>


The practice was limited with the advent of communism in 1944. [8]
The practice was limited with the advent of communism in 1944. <ref>Michael Worton, Nana Wilson-Tagoe National Healths: Gender, Sexuality and Health in a Cross-Cultural Context p.48-50</ref>
[[File:Flag of Albania.png|thumb|250px|Flag of Albania]]


Although homosexual relations were common among the predominantly Muslim, have been reported even among Christians, for whom there was also a special ceremony performed by a priest in church to seal the union, called vellameria (Albanian vella, "brother" and marr, "to accept"). Jealousy was a frequent occurrence, and sometimes men arrived to commit murder because of a boy. [9]


According Naecke: "Albanians in the north have a love of all excited to spend time with beautiful young men. Their passion and their jealousy is so strong that even today sometimes there are cases of suicide ... In addition, it is true that when are held union-fellowship they are blessed by the priests - the two partners who share the Eucharist immediately after "[10].


Travelers who visited the country, including the French historian François Guillaume Frederick (Baron de Vaudoncourt) and George Gordon (Lord Byron) also mention of Ali Pasha of interest for this kind of love, describing his harem of beautiful young , which drew not only her lovers, but even his most trusted associates, like the greek Athanase Vaya, who became his right arm as well as a general [11].
==Aspects of the relationships==
Although homosexual relations were common among the predominantly Muslim population, such relationships have been reported even among Christians, for whom there was also a special ceremony performed by a priest in church to seal the union, called [[vellameria]] (Albanian vella, "brother" and marr, "to accept"). Jealousy was a frequent occurrence, and sometimes men committed murder because of a boy. <ref>Havelock Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Sexual Inversion, Ch.I</ref>


Some Western observers signaled the practice with a negative light. François Pouqueville, the consul general of Napoleon in Albania between 1805 and 1815, the Albanians accused of being "no less profligate in this regard that the other inhabitants of modern Greece, without any apparent idea of ​​the enormity of the crime." [ 12]
According Naecke: "Albanians in the north have a love of all boys and are excited to spend time with beautiful young men. Their passion and their jealousy is so strong that even today sometimes there are cases of suicide ... In addition, it is true that when are couples are blessed by the priests - the two partners who share the Eucharist immediately after "<ref>Edward Carpenter, Intermediate Types among the Primitive Folk p.127</ref>.


Others present it as overwhelmingly positive, particularly in light of European cultural values ​​of the educated public of the period, which was intended for publication.
Travelers who visited the country, including the French historian François Guillaume Frederick (Baron de Vaudoncourt) and George Gordon (Lord Byron). There is also mention of Ali Pasha being interested in this kind of love, describing his harem of beautiful young boys, which drew not only lovers, but even his most trusted associates, like the greek Athanase Vaya, who became his right arm as well as a general <ref> Stephen O. Murray and Will Roscoe, Islamic Homosexualities, p.189-191</ref>.


Hahn documents a number of poems homosexual Ghega, such as:
==Poetic and literary references==
Some Western observers reported the practice in a negative light. François Pouqueville, the consul general of Napoleon in Albania between 1805 and 1815, dtated than the Albanians accused of being "no less profligate in this regard that the other inhabitants of modern Greece, without any apparent idea of ​​the enormity of the crime." <ref>Murray, op.cit.</ref>


S'gjen ndonji ZOK qi Kendon, you gjithe jane and little qajne. The Duron mjeri Ashik knows little fort, and some Prejano dyllberit dajne. Dilli, qi len mengjes it is you, or Djali, kur Kur me I zallandise kthen SYT 'and SEZ' Shpirt ment Prejano Kres' I gremise. You will not find any bird that sings, They all sit and weep alone. The poor lover, how strongly resists, [because] it is separated from his beloved. When the sun rises in the morning, is like you, boy, when you're near me. When your dark eye rests on me, It leaves the reason of my head.
Others presented it as surprisingly positive, especially in light of the cultural values of the educated European audience of the period, for which the publication was intended. The following passage is reported by Hahn as the actual language used to him by a Gheg Albanian:


========== to be edited:
The lover's feeling for the boy is pure as sunshine. It places the beloved on the same pedestal as a saint. It is the highest and most exalted passion of which the human breast is capable. The sight of a beautiful youth awakens astonishment in the lover, and opens the door of his heart to the delight which the contemplation of this loveliness affords. Love takes possession of him so completely that all his thought and feeling goes out in it. If he finds himself in the presence of the beloved, he rests absorbed in gazing on him. Absent, he thinks of nought but him. If the beloved unexpectedly appears, he falls into confusion, changes color, turns alternately pale and red. His heart beats faster and impedes his breathing. He has ears and eyes only for the beloved. He shuns touching him with the hand, kisses him only on the forehead, sings his praise in verse, a woman's never.


Hahn documents a number of Geg pederastic poems, written by one poet, such as the following:


     S'gjen ndonji zok qi kendon,
 
Hahn documented a number of Gheg, the Albanian language spoken in Northern Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro and southern Serbia, pederastic poems, written by one poet, such as the following:
<poem>
     ''S'gjen ndonji zok qi kendon,
     Te gjithe jane e po qajne.
     Te gjithe jane e po qajne.
     I mjeri ashik sa fort po duron,
     I mjeri ashik sa fort po duron,
Line 31: Line 34:
     Si ti, o djal, kur me zallandise
     Si ti, o djal, kur me zallandise
     Kur me kthen syt' e zes'
     Kur me kthen syt' e zes'
     Shpirt ment prej kres' mi gremise. You'll find no bird that sings,
     Shpirt ment prej kres' mi gremise.
 
    You'll find no bird that sings,
     They all just sit and cry.
     They all just sit and cry.
     The poor lover, how strongly he endures,
     The poor lover, how strongly he endures,
Line 37: Line 42:
     Is like you, boy, when you are near me.
     Is like you, boy, when you are near me.
     When your dark eye turns upon me,
     When your dark eye turns upon me,
     It drives my reason from my head.
     It drives my reason from my head.''


                     — Neçín of Përmet, son of Ali Pasha Frakulli, mid 19th century; translation by Nicholas Zymaris
                     — Neçín of Përmet, son of Ali Pasha Frakulli, mid 19th century; translation by Nicholas Zymaris
 
</poem>
The intensity of the feelings is reflected in native pederastic poetry such as the following verse.
The intensity of the feelings is reflected in native pederastic poetry such as the following verse.
 
<poem>
     Të kálli Hasán káfpeja
     ''Të kálli Hasán káfpeja
     Të mos bánish Bajrám,
     Të mos bánish Bajrám,
     Se kështú qen’ka bes’e feja. Núri yt, o Suleimán!
     Se kështú qen’ka bes’e feja. Núri yt, o Suleimán!
Line 49: Line 54:
     Mos ubán makrúr.
     Mos ubán makrúr.
     Tyj, o cun, të púthça syt’,
     Tyj, o cun, të púthça syt’,
     E t’udjéksha nur. Hasan, you slanderous whore
     E t’udjéksha nur. Hasan,  
 
    you slanderous whore
     Who won’t celebrate Bairam,
     Who won’t celebrate Bairam,
     For thus they were from honor and faith. Your radiance, O Suleiman!
     For thus they were from honor and faith. Your radiance, O Suleiman!
Line 55: Line 62:
     Be not so proud.
     Be not so proud.
     O that I may kiss your eyes, boy,
     O that I may kiss your eyes, boy,
     And burn up in your radiance.
     And burn up in your radiance.''


                         — Neçín of Përmet; tr. Nicholas Zymaris
                         — Neçín of Përmet; tr. Nicholas Zymaris
</poem>
===Pashalik of Ioannina===


Pashalik of Ioannina
According to historians the harem of the Muslim Albanian leader of Ioannina, Ali Pasha (during [[Ottoman]] rule), consisted of some hundreds of young girls and good looking boys <ref>Pyrrhus Ruches. Albanian historical folksongs, 1716-1943: a survey of oral epic poetry from southern Albania, with original texts. Argonaut, 1967 p. 19</ref>. A local south Albanian folk song records:
<poem>
<div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:110%">
{| class= style=" margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 110%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 50%;" cellspacing="5"
|<center>''Original''</center>''C'e pandeh, o, Ali Pasha?<BR>Mos jemi çupa nga Narta<BR>edhe djemi nga Gjirokastra<BR>të loç ti me 'ta nga nata''<BR>
|}


According to historians the harem of the Muslim Albanian leader of Ioannina, Ali Pasha (during Ottoman rule), consisted of some hundreds of young girls and good looking boys[13]. A local south Albanian folk song mentions:
{| class= style=" margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 110%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 50%;" cellspacing="5"
Original Translation
|<center>''Translation''</center>What thing you, oh Ali Pasha?<BR>We're not the girls from Arta<BR>and the boys from Gjirokastër<BR>Like those you play with at night<BR>
C'e pandeh, o, Ali Pasha? What thing you, oh Ali Pasha?
|}
Mos jemi çupa nga Narta We're not the girls from Arta
</div>
edhe djemi nga Gjirokastra and the boys from Gjirokastër
</poem>
të loç ti me 'ta nga nata Like those you play with at night
See also


    Pederasty
==See also==
    Pederasty in the Middle East


Sources
*[[Pederasty]]
*[[Pederasty in the Middle East and Central Asia]]


    Erich Bethe, Die dorische Knabenliebe: ihre Ethic und ihre Idee 1907
==Sources==
    Robert Elsie, A Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology, and Folk Culture
    J.G. von Hahn, Albanische Studien, 1854, p. 166
    Paul Näcke, Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen, vol. ix, 1908, p. 327
    Edward Westermarck, "Homosexualität." Translated by L. Katscher


Notes
*Erich Bethe, Die dorische Knabenliebe: ihre Ethic und ihre Idee 1907
*Robert Elsie, A Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology, and Folk Culture
*J.G. von Hahn, Albanische Studien, 1854, p. 166
*Paul Näcke, Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen, vol. ix, 1908, p. 327
*Edward Westermarck, "Homosexualität." Translated by L. Katscher


    ^ Bethe, Rheinisches Museum für Philologie, 1907, p. 475
==Notes==
    ^ Näcke, Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen, vol. ix, 1908, p. 327
{{reflist|2}}
    ^ Robert Deam Tobin, Warm Brothers: Queer Theory and the Age of Goethe (New Cultural Studies Series) p.58
    ^ The Diary of John Cam Hobhouse (October 20th, 1809)
    ^ a b J.G. von Hahn, Albanische Studien, 1854, p.166
    ^ Robert Elsie, A Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology, and Folk Culture p.202-3
    ^ http://www.eskimo.com/~nickz/orth_gay.txt
    ^ Michael Worton, Nana Wilson-Tagoe National Healths: Gender, Sexuality and Health in a Cross-Cultural Context p.48-50
    ^ Havelock Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Sexual Inversion, Ch.I
    ^ Edward Carpenter, Intermediate Types among the Primitive Folk p.127
    ^ Stephen O. Murray and Will Roscoe, Islamic Homosexualities, p.189-191
    ^ Murray, op.cit.
    ^ Pyrrhus Ruches. Albanian historical folksongs, 1716-1943: a survey of oral epic poetry from southern Albania, with original texts. Argonaut, 1967 p. 19


Categories: Pederasty | LGBT history in Albania
==External links==
*[http://www.thefullwiki.org/Albanian_pederasty Albanian pederasty (the full wiki)]
{{Navbox Pederasty|collapsed}}
[[Category:History]]
[[Category:Albania]]

Latest revision as of 23:27, 19 November 2019

Albanian pederasty was a practice reported by many Western travelers in the nineteenth century [1] [2] including Edvard Westermarck [3], John Cam Hobhouse, who in his diary [4], indicates that pederasty was " openly practiced, "and Johann Georg von Hahn [5], also known as" the father of Albanian studies. "[6] According to these reports pederasty was common and it was socially accepted that young people between sixteen and twenty-four years seduce boys of twelve to seventeen. [5]

In literature, the older lover is called Ashik (from the Arabic ishq, "passionate love") and the beloved, dyllber (from turkish Dilber, "beautiful") [7]. A Gheg married at the age of 24 or 25 years, and then usually but not always, gave up the love with the boys. Ghegs are one of two major ethnic subgroups of Albanians, the other being the Tosks.[8]

The practice was limited with the advent of communism in 1944. [9]

Flag of Albania


Aspects of the relationships

Although homosexual relations were common among the predominantly Muslim population, such relationships have been reported even among Christians, for whom there was also a special ceremony performed by a priest in church to seal the union, called vellameria (Albanian vella, "brother" and marr, "to accept"). Jealousy was a frequent occurrence, and sometimes men committed murder because of a boy. [10]

According Naecke: "Albanians in the north have a love of all boys and are excited to spend time with beautiful young men. Their passion and their jealousy is so strong that even today sometimes there are cases of suicide ... In addition, it is true that when are couples are blessed by the priests - the two partners who share the Eucharist immediately after "[11].

Travelers who visited the country, including the French historian François Guillaume Frederick (Baron de Vaudoncourt) and George Gordon (Lord Byron). There is also mention of Ali Pasha being interested in this kind of love, describing his harem of beautiful young boys, which drew not only lovers, but even his most trusted associates, like the greek Athanase Vaya, who became his right arm as well as a general [12].

Poetic and literary references

Some Western observers reported the practice in a negative light. François Pouqueville, the consul general of Napoleon in Albania between 1805 and 1815, dtated than the Albanians accused of being "no less profligate in this regard that the other inhabitants of modern Greece, without any apparent idea of ​​the enormity of the crime." [13]

Others presented it as surprisingly positive, especially in light of the cultural values of the educated European audience of the period, for which the publication was intended. The following passage is reported by Hahn as the actual language used to him by a Gheg Albanian:

The lover's feeling for the boy is pure as sunshine. It places the beloved on the same pedestal as a saint. It is the highest and most exalted passion of which the human breast is capable. The sight of a beautiful youth awakens astonishment in the lover, and opens the door of his heart to the delight which the contemplation of this loveliness affords. Love takes possession of him so completely that all his thought and feeling goes out in it. If he finds himself in the presence of the beloved, he rests absorbed in gazing on him. Absent, he thinks of nought but him. If the beloved unexpectedly appears, he falls into confusion, changes color, turns alternately pale and red. His heart beats faster and impedes his breathing. He has ears and eyes only for the beloved. He shuns touching him with the hand, kisses him only on the forehead, sings his praise in verse, a woman's never.


Hahn documented a number of Gheg, the Albanian language spoken in Northern Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro and southern Serbia, pederastic poems, written by one poet, such as the following:

    S'gjen ndonji zok qi kendon,
     Te gjithe jane e po qajne.
    I mjeri ashik sa fort po duron,
    Prej dyllberit po e dajne.

    Dilli, qi len ne mengjes
    Si ti, o djal, kur me zallandise
    Kur me kthen syt' e zes'
    Shpirt ment prej kres' mi gremise.

    You'll find no bird that sings,
    They all just sit and cry.
    The poor lover, how strongly he endures,
    [For] they separate him from his beloved. The sun, when it rises in the morning,
    Is like you, boy, when you are near me.
    When your dark eye turns upon me,
    It drives my reason from my head.
                    — Neçín of Përmet, son of Ali Pasha Frakulli, mid 19th century; translation by Nicholas Zymaris

The intensity of the feelings is reflected in native pederastic poetry such as the following verse.

    Të kálli Hasán káfpeja
     Të mos bánish Bajrám,
    Se kështú qen’ka bes’e feja. Núri yt, o Suleimán!
    Bukurínë t’a dha Zot yn,
    Mos ubán makrúr.
    Tyj, o cun, të púthça syt’,
    E t’udjéksha nur. Hasan,

    you slanderous whore
    Who won’t celebrate Bairam,
    For thus they were from honor and faith. Your radiance, O Suleiman!
    Your beauty was given you by our Lord,
    Be not so proud.
    O that I may kiss your eyes, boy,
    And burn up in your radiance.
                        — Neçín of Përmet; tr. Nicholas Zymaris

Pashalik of Ioannina

According to historians the harem of the Muslim Albanian leader of Ioannina, Ali Pasha (during Ottoman rule), consisted of some hundreds of young girls and good looking boys [14]. A local south Albanian folk song records:


Original
C'e pandeh, o, Ali Pasha?
Mos jemi çupa nga Narta
edhe djemi nga Gjirokastra
të loç ti me 'ta nga nata



Translation
What thing you, oh Ali Pasha?
We're not the girls from Arta
and the boys from Gjirokastër
Like those you play with at night


See also

Sources

  • Erich Bethe, Die dorische Knabenliebe: ihre Ethic und ihre Idee 1907
  • Robert Elsie, A Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology, and Folk Culture
  • J.G. von Hahn, Albanische Studien, 1854, p. 166
  • Paul Näcke, Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen, vol. ix, 1908, p. 327
  • Edward Westermarck, "Homosexualität." Translated by L. Katscher

Notes

  1. ↑ Bethe, Rheinisches Museum für Philologie, 1907, p. 475
  2. ↑ Näcke, Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen, vol. ix, 1908, p. 327
  3. ↑ Robert Deam Tobin, Warm Brothers: Queer Theory and the Age of Goethe (New Cultural Studies Series) p.58
  4. ↑ The Diary of John Cam Hobhouse (October 20th, 1809)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 J.G. von Hahn, Albanische Studien, 1854, p.166
  6. ↑ Robert Elsie, A Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology, and Folk Culture p.202-3
  7. ↑ http://www.eskimo.com/~nickz/orth_gay.txt
  8. ↑ Piotr Eberhardt (January 2003). Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe: History, Data, and Analysis. M.E. Sharpe. p. 433. ISBN 978-0-7656-1833-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=jLfX1q3kJzgC&pg=PA433. Retrieved on 13 July 2013. "The Albanians comprise two ethnic subgroups: the Ghegs, who generally occupy the area north of the Shkumbin river; and the Tosks, most of whom live south of the river." 
  9. ↑ Michael Worton, Nana Wilson-Tagoe National Healths: Gender, Sexuality and Health in a Cross-Cultural Context p.48-50
  10. ↑ Havelock Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Sexual Inversion, Ch.I
  11. ↑ Edward Carpenter, Intermediate Types among the Primitive Folk p.127
  12. ↑ Stephen O. Murray and Will Roscoe, Islamic Homosexualities, p.189-191
  13. ↑ Murray, op.cit.
  14. ↑ Pyrrhus Ruches. Albanian historical folksongs, 1716-1943: a survey of oral epic poetry from southern Albania, with original texts. Argonaut, 1967 p. 19

External links

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